As you can see in Tables two and 3 below, soil resistivity differs radically through the environment and is also greatly influenced by electrolyte content material, humidity, minerals, compactness and temperature. Uniform soil versions are unusual for utility scale grounding units in several regi

The modulus reduction factors lowered in proportion to the rise in phase displacement, and a greater sand stratum thickness yielded a larger modulus reduction factor for higher pile segments (see Determine three and Determine 11a). In distinction, the predicted behaviours of your lessen and Center s